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Early dialysis in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

^a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
^b Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
^c Department of Renal Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +356 79584926.

E-mail address: casha{at}waldonet.net.mt (A. Casha).

Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery (AKICS) remains a frequent cause of major morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of timing of dialysis. A retrospective analysis of 3528 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between April 1995 and July 2006 was performed. In group 1 (April 1995–January 2000) intermittent haemodialysis was resorted to when other supportive measures failed. In group 2 (January 2000–July 2006) intermittent haemodialysis was commenced immediately when oliguria did not respond to fluid replacement or single-dose diuretics. In group 1, 49/1511 (3.2%) patients developed AKICS. Thirty-four patients did not receive dialysis and six patients died (18%). Of the remaining 15 patients who underwent dialysis, 13 died (87%). The overall mortality for group 1 AKICS patients was 19/49 (39%). In group 2, 87/2017 (4.3%) patients developed AKICS. Thirty-one patients did not require dialysis and none died. Of the 56 patients who were dialysed, 14 died (25%). During January 2005–July 2006, mortality following dialysis fell further to 17% (4/24). The overall mortality for group 2 patients developing AKICS was 14/87 (16%). Although the incidence of AKICS increased from 3.2% to 4.2%, earlier dialysis resulted in significantly improved survival (P=0.00001).

Key Words: Acute kidney injury; Cardiac surgery; Early dialysis; Outcome